Named from the Greek word meaning “to divide,” in reference to the granular texture, this mineral was discovered in 1806 in Norway. It is characterized by its glassy luster, pale green color, and its crystals with many faces.

Discovered in 1817, this mineral was named from the Greek word for “grain,” in allusion to it occurring in isolated grains. It is commonly found in contact metamorphic rocks and is characterized by its light yellow to red color.

Easily identified by its bright green color and its association with azurite, this mineral was named after the Greek mallows, in allusion to the green color of the leaves. It is the most common secondary mineral found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits but is only a minor ore of copper.

The name comes from the Persian word meaning “blue.” It is a secondary copper mineral formed by the action of carbonated water acting on copper-containing minerals. There are >45 well-known forms of the mineral and is often associated with the mineral malachite.

Vivianite was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1817 after John Henry Vivian, an English politician, mine owner, and mineralogist living in Truro, Cornwall, and discoverer of the mineral. When fresh, the mineral may be colorless, but once exposed, it will change to deep blue to deep bluish-green prismatic to flattened crystals.

A widely distributed mineral as an accessory in granitic igneous rocks, gneissic metamorphic rocks, and in the detrital sands derived from them. It is concentrated in sands because of its resistance to chemical attack and its high specific gravity. The chief source of thorium oxide, this mineral was derived from a Greek word meaning “to be solitary,” in allusion to the rarity of the mineral.

A rare mineral found in high-grade quartz-rich metamorphic rock and in pegmatites. This mineral was discovered in 1795, and its name is derived from an Arabic word meaning “heaven,” in allusion to the color of the mineral. It is a minor gemstone.

The association of this mineral with other cobalt minerals and its pink color are usually sufficient to distinguish it from all other minerals. It occurs as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of some Ni-C0-As mineral deposits but has no economic importance. It is used as a guide to other cobalt minerals and associated native silver. It was named in 1832 by Francois Sulpice Beaudant from the Greek word for “red”.

This mineral is characterized by its yellow color. It occurs in Colorado Plateau-type uranium deposits near playas and is an ore of both vanadium and uranium. Discovered in 1899, it was named after Marie-Aldophe Carnot (1839-1920), a French mining engineer and chemist.

This mineral is distinguished by its red color, resinous luster, orange-red streak, and its association with orpiment. On long exposure to light, it disintegrates to a reddish-yellow powder. It is found in veins of lead, silver and gold ores, and as a deposit from hot springs. It is used as a pigment. The name is derived from the Arabic Rahj al ghar meaning “powder of the mine.”